Description

Muscle Diseases:- Muscle disease, any of the diseases and disorders that affect the human muscle system. Diseases and disorders that result from direct abnormalities of the muscles are called primary muscle diseases; those that can be traced as symptoms or manifestation of disorders of the nervous system or other systems are not properly classified as primary muscle diseases. Because muscles and nerves (neurons) supplying muscle operate as a functional unit, disease of both systems results in muscular atrophy (wasting) and paralysis. Muscle Disorders are the diseases and disorders that affect the human muscle system and their main manifestation is skeletal muscle weakness. The terms ‘muscular dystrophy’, ‘neuromuscular conditions’ and ‘neuromuscular disorders’ fall under the umbrella of the term 'Muscle Disorders'. These disorders are a large group of conditions which affect either the muscles, such as those in the arms and legs or heart and lungs, or the nerves which control the muscles. Disorders of muscle may cause weakness or paralysis in the presence of an intact nervous system. Classification Muscle disorders can be classified on the basis of : 1. Primary or secondary: Diseases and disorders as a result of direct abnormalities of the muscles are considered primary muscle diseases, Eg.Polymyositis. And Diseases that are secondary to another condition and may have caused muscle damage, Eg. diseases due to endocrine issues . 2. Genetic or Acquired 3. Neuromuscular or Myopathies Causes:- • Age, hereditary • Injury or overuse, such as sprains or strains, cramps or tendinitis • A genetic disorder, such as muscular dystrophy • Some cancers • Inflammation, such a myosotis • Diseases of nerves that affect muscle • Infectious Diseases • Certain medicines • Metabolic causes and Endocrine causes • Autoimmunedisorders • Etiology may not be known at time. Symptoms: 1. Muscle weakness that slowly gets worse. 2. breathing issues, especially dyspnea (shortness of breath) 3. dizziness, 4. Fatigue 5. Muscle wasting, loss of strength 6. high fever, 7. a stiff neck. 8. Numbness, tingling, or painful sensations 9. Double vision 10. Droopy eyelids 11. Problems with swallowing—dysphagia 12. Difficulty using one or more muscle groups, muscle weakness, 13. Problems walking, balance and frequent falls Types Of Muscle Disorders:- 1. Myopathies eg Polymyositis,Dermatomyositis, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Steroid induced myopathy 2. Cramp: prolong painful involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles 3. Fibrositis: Inflammation of fibrous connective tissues in muscles it also effect muscles of trunk and back. 4. Myasthenia Gravis 5. Rhabdomyolysis 6. Cardiac Myopathy: Coronary Artery Disease 7. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 8. Sarcopenia: This muscle disease can be primary or secondary. Sarcopenia causes muscle mass loss and muscle strength loss. Muscle Disorders may be diagnosed using one or more of the following tests: 1. An electromyography (EMG) - this is a recording of the electrical activity in a muscle. It can diagnose muscle disorders, nerve and motor problems, and degenerative diseases. 2. A blood test: measuring specific muscle enzymes and antibodies that may be specific to one disorder or many 3. A muscle biopsy - this involves taking a small sample of muscle under local anaesthetic. The sample is examined under the microscope and the muscle chemicals (proteins) may be tested. 4. Genetic analysis - this involves testing a person's DNA using a blood sample. It can detect many (not all) cases of MD. 5. MRI: to show abnormal muscle areas 6. Muscle ultrasound is used to look for suspected CMD.

Key Specification Muscle

Diseases

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